This report elaborates the market size, market characteristics, and market growth of the DNA/RNA Extraction industry, and breaks down according to the type, application, and consumption area of DNA/RNA Extraction. The report also conducted a PESTEL analysis of the industry to study the main influencing factors and entry barriers of the industry.

In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for DNA/RNA Extraction in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.
In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.

Key players in the global DNA/RNA Extraction market covered in Chapter 13:
Takara Bio
ELITech
Promega
Hain Lifescience
Genolution
LGC
PerkinElmer
Qiagen
Bioneer
Analytik Jena
Bio-Rad
AutoGen
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Kurabo Biomedical
GeneReach
Biosan
Illumina
Agilent Technologies
Merck Millipore
Roche Life Science

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the DNA/RNA Extraction market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
DNA/RNA Extraction Equipment
DNA/RNA Extraction Reagents

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the DNA/RNA Extraction market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Academic & Research Institutes
Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies

Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:
United States
Europe
China
Japan
India

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:
North America (Covered in Chapter 8)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Others

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 DNA/RNA Extraction Market - Research Scope
1.1 Study Goals
1.2 Market Definition and Scope
1.3 Key Market Segments
1.4 Study and Forecasting Years

2 DNA/RNA Extraction Market - Research Methodology
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Research Data Source
2.2.1 Secondary Data
2.2.2 Primary Data
2.2.3 Market Size Estimation
2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer

3 DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forces
3.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)
3.2.1 Political Factors
3.2.2 Economic Factors
3.2.3 Social Factors
3.2.4 Technological Factors
3.2.5 Environmental Factors
3.2.6 Legal Factors
3.3 Industry Trend Analysis
3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19
3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19
3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry
3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario
3.5 Industry Risk Assessment

4 DNA/RNA Extraction Market - By Geography
4.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Value and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries
4.2.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.2.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.3 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions
4.3.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
4.3.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

5 DNA/RNA Extraction Market - By Trade Statistics
5.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import
5.2 United States DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.3 Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.4 China DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.5 Japan DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.6 India DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.7 ...

6 DNA/RNA Extraction Market - By Type
6.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.3 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production, Price and Growth Rate of DNA/RNA Extraction Equipment (2015-2020)
6.4 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production, Price and Growth Rate of DNA/RNA Extraction Reagents (2015-2020)

7 DNA/RNA Extraction Market - By Application
7.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption and Growth Rate of Academic & Research Institutes (2015-2020)
7.3 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption and Growth Rate of Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies (2015-2020)

8 North America DNA/RNA Extraction Market
8.1 North America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
8.2 United States DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
8.3 Canada DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
8.4 Mexico DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

9 Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Market Analysis
9.1 Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
9.2 Germany DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
9.3 United Kingdom DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
9.4 France DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
9.5 Italy DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
9.6 Spain DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

10 Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Market Analysis
10.1 Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
10.2 China DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
10.3 Japan DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
10.4 South Korea DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
10.5 Southeast Asia DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
10.6 India DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

11 Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Market Analysis
11.1 Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
11.2 Saudi Arabia DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
11.3 UAE DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
11.4 South Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

12 South America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Analysis
12.1 South America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
12.2 Brazil DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size
12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

13 Company Profiles
13.1 Takara Bio
13.1.1 Takara Bio Basic Information
13.1.2 Takara Bio Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.1.3 Takara Bio DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.2 ELITech
13.2.1 ELITech Basic Information
13.2.2 ELITech Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.2.3 ELITech DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.3 Promega
13.3.1 Promega Basic Information
13.3.2 Promega Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.3.3 Promega DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.4 Hain Lifescience
13.4.1 Hain Lifescience Basic Information
13.4.2 Hain Lifescience Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.4.3 Hain Lifescience DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.5 Genolution
13.5.1 Genolution Basic Information
13.5.2 Genolution Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.5.3 Genolution DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.6 LGC
13.6.1 LGC Basic Information
13.6.2 LGC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.6.3 LGC DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.7 PerkinElmer
13.7.1 PerkinElmer Basic Information
13.7.2 PerkinElmer Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.7.3 PerkinElmer DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.8 Qiagen
13.8.1 Qiagen Basic Information
13.8.2 Qiagen Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.8.3 Qiagen DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.9 Bioneer
13.9.1 Bioneer Basic Information
13.9.2 Bioneer Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.9.3 Bioneer DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.10 Analytik Jena
13.10.1 Analytik Jena Basic Information
13.10.2 Analytik Jena Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.10.3 Analytik Jena DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.11 Bio-Rad
13.11.1 Bio-Rad Basic Information
13.11.2 Bio-Rad Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.11.3 Bio-Rad DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.12 AutoGen
13.12.1 AutoGen Basic Information
13.12.2 AutoGen Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.12.3 AutoGen DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.13 Thermo Fisher Scientific
13.13.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific Basic Information
13.13.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.13.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.14 Kurabo Biomedical
13.14.1 Kurabo Biomedical Basic Information
13.14.2 Kurabo Biomedical Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.14.3 Kurabo Biomedical DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.15 GeneReach
13.15.1 GeneReach Basic Information
13.15.2 GeneReach Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.15.3 GeneReach DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.16 Biosan
13.16.1 Biosan Basic Information
13.16.2 Biosan Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.16.3 Biosan DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.17 Illumina
13.17.1 Illumina Basic Information
13.17.2 Illumina Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.17.3 Illumina DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.18 Agilent Technologies
13.18.1 Agilent Technologies Basic Information
13.18.2 Agilent Technologies Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.18.3 Agilent Technologies DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.19 Merck Millipore
13.19.1 Merck Millipore Basic Information
13.19.2 Merck Millipore Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.19.3 Merck Millipore DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.20 Roche Life Science
13.20.1 Roche Life Science Basic Information
13.20.2 Roche Life Science Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.20.3 Roche Life Science DNA/RNA Extraction Market Performance (2015-2020)

14 Market Forecast - By Regions
14.1 North America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.4 Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.5 South America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast (2020-2025)

15 Market Forecast - By Type and Applications
15.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.1 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.2 Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

List of Tables and Figures

Figure DNA/RNA Extraction Picture
Table DNA/RNA Extraction Key Market Segments
Figure Study and Forecasting Years
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Export Top 3 Country 2019
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Import Top 3 Country 2019
Table United States DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table China DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Japan DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table India DNA/RNA Extraction Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Equipment Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Equipment Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Reagents Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Reagents Price (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Figure Global DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Academic & Research Institutes Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table South America DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America DNA/RNA Extraction Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil DNA/RNA Extraction Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Takara Bio Company Profile
Table Takara Bio Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Takara Bio Production and Growth Rate
Figure Takara Bio Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table ELITech Company Profile
Table ELITech Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure ELITech Production and Growth Rate
Figure ELITech Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Promega Company Profile
Table Promega Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Promega Production and Growth Rate
Figure Promega Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Hain Lifescience Company Profile
Table Hain Lifescience Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Hain Lifescience Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hain Lifescience Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Genolution Company Profile
Table Genolution Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Genolution Production and Growth Rate
Figure Genolution Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table LGC Company Profile
Table LGC Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure LGC Production and Growth Rate
Figure LGC Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table PerkinElmer Company Profile
Table PerkinElmer Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure PerkinElmer Production and Growth Rate
Figure PerkinElmer Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Qiagen Company Profile
Table Qiagen Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Qiagen Production and Growth Rate
Figure Qiagen Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Bioneer Company Profile
Table Bioneer Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Bioneer Production and Growth Rate
Figure Bioneer Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Analytik Jena Company Profile
Table Analytik Jena Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Analytik Jena Production and Growth Rate
Figure Analytik Jena Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Bio-Rad Company Profile
Table Bio-Rad Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Bio-Rad Production and Growth Rate
Figure Bio-Rad Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table AutoGen Company Profile
Table AutoGen Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure AutoGen Production and Growth Rate
Figure AutoGen Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Company Profile
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Production and Growth Rate
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Kurabo Biomedical Company Profile
Table Kurabo Biomedical Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Kurabo Biomedical Production and Growth Rate
Figure Kurabo Biomedical Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table GeneReach Company Profile
Table GeneReach Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure GeneReach Production and Growth Rate
Figure GeneReach Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Biosan Company Profile
Table Biosan Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Biosan Production and Growth Rate
Figure Biosan Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Illumina Company Profile
Table Illumina Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Illumina Production and Growth Rate
Figure Illumina Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Agilent Technologies Company Profile
Table Agilent Technologies Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Agilent Technologies Production and Growth Rate
Figure Agilent Technologies Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Merck Millipore Company Profile
Table Merck Millipore Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Merck Millipore Production and Growth Rate
Figure Merck Millipore Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Roche Life Science Company Profile
Table Roche Life Science Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Roche Life Science Production and Growth Rate
Figure Roche Life Science Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global DNA/RNA Extraction Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)