Based on the Ophthalmoscopes market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Ophthalmoscopes market covered in Chapter 5:
Dino-Lite Europe
Honsun
US Ophthalmic
Oftas
Timesco
Heine
Iridex
Rudolf Riester
Oscar Boscarol
Alltion (Wuzhou)
Zumax Medical
WelchAllyn

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Ophthalmoscopes market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Direct Inspection
Indirect Inspection

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Ophthalmoscopes market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Eyeglasses Store
The Hospital

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics
2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
2.4.1 Short-term Impact
2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment
3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape
4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies
5.1 Dino-Lite Europe
5.1.1 Dino-Lite Europe Company Profile
5.1.2 Dino-Lite Europe Business Overview
5.1.3 Dino-Lite Europe Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Dino-Lite Europe Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.2 Honsun
5.2.1 Honsun Company Profile
5.2.2 Honsun Business Overview
5.2.3 Honsun Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.2.4 Honsun Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.3 US Ophthalmic
5.3.1 US Ophthalmic Company Profile
5.3.2 US Ophthalmic Business Overview
5.3.3 US Ophthalmic Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.3.4 US Ophthalmic Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.4 Oftas
5.4.1 Oftas Company Profile
5.4.2 Oftas Business Overview
5.4.3 Oftas Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.4.4 Oftas Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.5 Timesco
5.5.1 Timesco Company Profile
5.5.2 Timesco Business Overview
5.5.3 Timesco Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.5.4 Timesco Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.6 Heine
5.6.1 Heine Company Profile
5.6.2 Heine Business Overview
5.6.3 Heine Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.6.4 Heine Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.7 Iridex
5.7.1 Iridex Company Profile
5.7.2 Iridex Business Overview
5.7.3 Iridex Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.7.4 Iridex Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.8 Rudolf Riester
5.8.1 Rudolf Riester Company Profile
5.8.2 Rudolf Riester Business Overview
5.8.3 Rudolf Riester Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.8.4 Rudolf Riester Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.9 Oscar Boscarol
5.9.1 Oscar Boscarol Company Profile
5.9.2 Oscar Boscarol Business Overview
5.9.3 Oscar Boscarol Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.9.4 Oscar Boscarol Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.10 Alltion (Wuzhou)
5.10.1 Alltion (Wuzhou) Company Profile
5.10.2 Alltion (Wuzhou) Business Overview
5.10.3 Alltion (Wuzhou) Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.10.4 Alltion (Wuzhou) Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.11 Zumax Medical
5.11.1 Zumax Medical Company Profile
5.11.2 Zumax Medical Business Overview
5.11.3 Zumax Medical Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.11.4 Zumax Medical Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction
5.12 WelchAllyn
5.12.1 WelchAllyn Company Profile
5.12.2 WelchAllyn Business Overview
5.12.3 WelchAllyn Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.12.4 WelchAllyn Ophthalmoscopes Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types
6.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.3 Global Ophthalmoscopes Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Direct Inspection
6.3.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Indirect Inspection
6.4 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
6.4.1 Direct Inspection Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.2 Indirect Inspection Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications
7.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
7.3.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Eyeglasses Store (2015-2020)
7.3.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of The Hospital (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
7.4.1 Eyeglasses Store Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.2 The Hospital Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions
8.1 Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis
9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis by Country
9.6.1 U.S. Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.2 Canada Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.3 Mexico Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis
10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis by Country
10.6.1 Germany Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.2 United Kingdom Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.3 France Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.4 Italy Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.5 Spain Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.6 Russia Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis
11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis by Country
11.6.1 China Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.2 Japan Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.3 South Korea Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.4 Australia Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.5 India Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis
12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis by Country
12.6.1 Brazil Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.2 Argentina Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.3 Columbia Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis
13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Analysis by Country
13.6.1 UAE Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.2 Egypt Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.3 South Africa Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations
14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Ophthalmoscopes Key Market Segments
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Ophthalmoscopes
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Dino-Lite Europe Company Profile
Table Dino-Lite Europe Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Dino-Lite Europe Production and Growth Rate
Figure Dino-Lite Europe Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Honsun Company Profile
Table Honsun Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Honsun Production and Growth Rate
Figure Honsun Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table US Ophthalmic Company Profile
Table US Ophthalmic Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure US Ophthalmic Production and Growth Rate
Figure US Ophthalmic Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Oftas Company Profile
Table Oftas Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Oftas Production and Growth Rate
Figure Oftas Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Timesco Company Profile
Table Timesco Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Timesco Production and Growth Rate
Figure Timesco Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Heine Company Profile
Table Heine Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Heine Production and Growth Rate
Figure Heine Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Iridex Company Profile
Table Iridex Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Iridex Production and Growth Rate
Figure Iridex Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Rudolf Riester Company Profile
Table Rudolf Riester Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Rudolf Riester Production and Growth Rate
Figure Rudolf Riester Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Oscar Boscarol Company Profile
Table Oscar Boscarol Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Oscar Boscarol Production and Growth Rate
Figure Oscar Boscarol Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Alltion (Wuzhou) Company Profile
Table Alltion (Wuzhou) Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Alltion (Wuzhou) Production and Growth Rate
Figure Alltion (Wuzhou) Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Zumax Medical Company Profile
Table Zumax Medical Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Zumax Medical Production and Growth Rate
Figure Zumax Medical Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table WelchAllyn Company Profile
Table WelchAllyn Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure WelchAllyn Production and Growth Rate
Figure WelchAllyn Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Direct Inspection Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Direct Inspection Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Indirect Inspection Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Indirect Inspection Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Direct Inspection (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Direct Inspection (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Indirect Inspection (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Indirect Inspection (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Eyeglasses Store Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Eyeglasses Store Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global The Hospital Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global The Hospital Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Eyeglasses Store (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Eyeglasses Store (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of The Hospital (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of The Hospital (2020-2025)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Ophthalmoscopes Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Ophthalmoscopes Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)